落伍文学

ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE（第1页）

ARRAOFWORDSIENCE

Ofsimpleseuralorderementissubject—verb—objeyispossible。Thusiehecathascaughtamouse，"weotreverseitandsay"Themousehascaughtacat"withthemeaning，andinanyotherfement，suouse，thecathascaught，"wefeelthatwhileitisintelligible，itisapoorressiandoneonusmoreorless。

Iences，however，whentherearemorewordsthanwhatarebarelynecessaryforsubject，verba，wehavegreaterfreedementandsoplacethewordsastogivethebesteffect。Theprofwordsdependsupoyahesetwobiothestructure。

MostpeoplearefamiliarwithGray'slialElegy—"Theploughmanhomelodshiswearyway。"Thislinebeparaphrasedtoread18differentways。Hereareafe>

&heploughmanplodshis>

Theploughmanplodshisard。

Plodshomeloughmanhis>

Hisloughmanhomelods。

Homeayplodstheploughman。

Plodstheploughmanhisard。

Hisloughmanplodshome>

Hisardtheploughmanplods。

Theploughmanplodshomeay。

Theploughmanhislodshome>

andsoon。Itisdoubtfulifaherformsaresuperiortotheohepoet。Ofcoursehisarrawasmadetoplywiththerhythmaheverse。Mostofthevariatioheemphasiswewishtoplathedifferentwords。

Inarrangingthewordsinanordienceweshouldofthefactthatthebeginheimportagtheattentionofthereader。Wordsintheseplaceshavegreateremphasisthanelsewhere。

InGray'slihegeneralmeahataloughmanisploddinghiswayhomeward，butagtemediffereedintheidea。Someofthevariatiohiheploughman，othersmoreoftheplodding，andstillMostpeoplearefamiliarwithGray'slialElegy—"Theploughmanhomelodshiswearyway。"Thislinebeparaphrasedtoread18differentways。Hereareafe>

othersmoreoftheweariness。

AsthebeginningandeeimportaurallyfollowsthatsmallnifitwordsshouldbekeptfromthesepositiowopladohemoreimportareallyostimportantwordienevereehAnd，But，Since，Bedothersimilarweakwordsahprepositions，small，weakadverbsorpronouns。

&sofasentencewhicharemostcloselyectedwithoherinmeaningshouldbecloselyeorderalso。Byignthisprinysentencesaremade，ifnotnonsensical，reallyrididludicrous。Foriendollarsrewardisofferedforinformationofanypersthispropertybyorderoftheow;"ThismowasereoryofJohnJones，whowasshotbyhisaffeatebrother。"

Iruofallsehegrammaticalrulesmustbeinviolablyobserved。Thelawsofcord，thatis，theagreemeainwords，mustbeobeyed。

1。Theverbagreeswithitssubjepersona;Ihave，""Thouhast，"（thepronounthouishereusedtoillustratetheverbfhitisalmostobsolete），"Hehas，"showthevariatiooagreewiththesubjegularsubjectcallsfularverb，apluralsubjedsaverbintheplural?as，"Theboywrites，""Theboyswrite。"

Theagreemessubjectisofteroyedbyg（1）colledonnouns?（2）fnandEnglishnouns?（3）poundas?（4）realasubjects。

（1）Acolleisanumberofindividualssregardedasawhole?as，classregimeheindividualssarepromilybroughtforward，useapluralverb?asTheclassweredistinguishedforability。Whehewholeasaunitisundersiderationemployasiheregiment。（2）Itissometimeshardfortheordinaryindividualtodistinguishthepluralfromthesingularinfnnouns，therefore，heshouldbetheseleoftheverb。Heshouldlookupthewordandbeguidedagly。"HewasanalumnusofHarvard。""TheywerealumniofHarvard。"（3）Whehowoormoresubjeotihiedbyand，theverbshouldbeplural?as，"Snowandrainaredisagreeable。"Whesdehiedbyortheverbshouldbesingular?as，"Themanorthewomanistoblame。"（4）Whenthesameverbhasmorethaofdifferentpersonsreeswiththemostpromihought?as，"He，andnoty。""WhetherheorIamtobeblamed。"

&hepastparticipleforthepasttensehismistakeisaveryoeverytur;Hedo;for"Hedidit。""Thejarwasbroke"insteadofbroken。"Hewouldhavewent"for"Hewouldhavego;etc。